Part I
Define the following ethical perspectives in your own words. A minimum of three sources must be utilized and cited properly with in-text citations and a reference list. Avoid using direct quotes. If you summarize or paraphrase information in your own words, you must cite sources to provide credit for the ideas and concepts.
A = Rule utilitarianism
B = Kantian ethics
C = Virtue ethics
D = Care ethics
E = Social contract ethics
F = Subjective relativism
G = Cultural relativism
H = Divine command theory
I = Act utilitarianism
Part II
Determine which ethical perspective above is primarily reflected in each of the ten arguments below and explain why. A minimum of three sources must be utilized and cited properly with in-text citations and in the reference list. Avoid using direct quotes. If you summarize or paraphrase information in your own words, you must cite sources to provide credit for the ideas and concepts.
Arguments:
- Although many societies have practiced human sacrifice, human sacrifice was not considered wrong, even though we believe it is wrong in our culture. Therefore, human sacrifice within those cultures was not really wrong.
- Same-sex marriage is right because the Constitution offers equal protection under the law and society has agreed to follow the laws set forth in that document.
- “And the pig, though it has a split hoof completely divided, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you. You must not eat their meat or touch their carcasses; they are unclean for you.” (Leviticus 11:7–8)
- Your neighbor runs into her house screaming, blood dripping down her arm. Five minutes later a man with a bloody machete comes running down the street and stops and asks you where she went. You answer honestly “in her house.”
- Margarita spoke with her family and they all agreed that they would let her take the medication that would allow her to die peacefully instead of in pain.
- Souerette watched over the children in the daycare meticulously. She knew which children she could trust alone because of their behaviors with each other.
- He does not have the right character and temperament to be a state governor. He avoided service by faking a medical condition, he rarely tells the truth, he eats and drinks too much, and he has little patience with people.
- Patient autonomy and free choice are morally correct.
- I believe that it is perfectly fine to lie about some things.
- Wearing a mask when engaging with the public is the right decision because it protects the welfare of those in your community.
Ethical Perspective
First Argument
Cultural relativism is reflected in the argument. According to the beliefs, values and practices of the society it was ethically correct to practice human sacrifice.
Second Argument
Social contract ethics is demonstrated since people are expected to adhere to the fundamental laws made in the constitution.
Third Argument
Divine command theory is chiefly reflected. The people are to adhere to the command not to eat pig since it is considered unclean hence, people’s moral is determined by their obedience to follow God’s order.
. Fourth Argument
Virtue ethics is portrayed. Honesty is character trait depicted in spite of the situation at hand and it is considered a good virtue.
Fifth Argument
The rule of utilitarianism is demonstrated since the decision made of ending Margarita’s life was for the good of all people since she would be able to escape the prolonged agonizing demise (Mandal, 2016, pp 6).
Sixth Argument
According to the argument, care ethics is demonstrated. Sourrette had no right to discriminate children by grouping them according to their character traits rather he should take care of them despite of their behavior.
Seventh Argument
Act of utilitarianism is reflected since the society would have positive outcome to elect a leader who would provide good services.
Eight Argument
Virtue ethics is depicted. Patience and free choice are considered good virtues since they improve the character of an individual and provide motivation in daily lives.
Nineth Argument
Subjective relativism is portrayed in the argument. An action is ethically correct if an individual agrees to it, therefore, in the particular situation depicted, it was morally correct to lie in some situation.
Tenth Argument
The rule of rule utilitarianism is described since wearing mask was for the good of all people in order to curb the spread of the pandemic.
References
Elder, L, and Paul, R. (2020). Critical Thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life. Rowman & Littlefield.
Mandal, J., Ponnambath, D. K., & Parija, S. C. (2016). Utilitarian and deontological ethics in
medicine. Tropical Parasitology, 6(1), 5–7.
White, M. (2019). The Oxford handbook of ethics and economics. Oxford University Press,
Zeyl, J, and Radke, N. (2018). Ethical Perspectives. Oxford University Press.