American society was divided over slavery in the early years of the republic. The abolitionists argued for the immediate freedom of slaves as well as their equality with human beings. Proslavery advocates, who advocated the expansion and continued existence of slavery, were on the opposing side.
Proslavery writers believed that African-Americans had an inherent inferiority to whites, and needed guidance and protection from their white masters. George Fitzhugh, an example of a pro-slavery writer, claimed that slavery was actually beneficial for African Americans because it kept them safe from all the hardships and dangers outside. He promoted the idea that African-Americans could be lazy or childlike, so they should be forced to work.
Frederick Douglass, David Walker and other abolitionists argued against slavery, saying that it was an inhumane and brutal institution that violated African-Americans’ fundamental rights.