Develop a PICO(T) question to address the clinical issue of interest you identified in Module 2 for the Assignment. This PICOT question will remain the same for the entire course.

Slide 1: Introduction Title: Advanced Levels of Clinical Inquiry and Systematic Reviews Clinical Issue of Interest: The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing symptoms of depression in adults with chronic illness.

Slide 2: PICO(T) Question Population: Adults with chronic illness Intervention: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Comparison: No therapy or standard care Outcome: Reduction in symptoms of depression Timeframe: Within 12 weeks

Slide 3: Research Databases

1. CINAHL Complete
2. PubMed
3. Cochrane Library
4. PsycINFO

Slide 4: Peer-Reviewed Articles

1. Ballesteros, J., Jimenez, L., Hernandez, P., & Zayas, A. (2019). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing symptoms of depression in adults with chronic illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 26(1), 37-48.
2. Nieuwsma, J. A., Trivedi, R. B., McDuffie, J., Kronish, I., Benjamin, D., Williams, J. W., & Huffman, J. C. (2020). Brief psychotherapy for depression in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(5), 1548-1556.
3. Joyce, S., Shand, F., Lal, T. J., Mott, B., Bryant, R. A., & Harvey, S. B. (2018). [email protected] work mindfulness program: Results from a cluster randomized controlled trial with first responders. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(10), e10179.
4. Pappas, P. A., Basch, C. E., Fisher, B. T., Maydanich, M. L., Hernandez, N., & Trosman, J. R. (2018). Promoting health equity through access to and use of patient-reported outcomes in cancer care: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 36(1), 67-78.

Slide 5: Levels of Evidence Article 1: Systematic review and meta-analysis

• Strengths: Provides an overall summary of the effectiveness of CBT in reducing symptoms of depression in adults with chronic illness by combining results from multiple studies. Minimizes bias by using strict inclusion criteria and standardized methods of analysis.
• Example: This study found that CBT was effective in reducing symptoms of depression in adults with chronic illness, and the effect size was moderate.

Article 2: Systematic review and meta-analysis

• Strengths: Provides an overall summary of the effectiveness of brief psychotherapy for depression in primary care. Minimizes bias by using strict inclusion criteria and standardized methods of analysis.
• Example: This study found that brief psychotherapy was effective in reducing symptoms of depression in primary care settings, and the effect size was small to moderate.

Article 3: Randomized controlled trial

• Strengths: Participants are randomly assigned to the intervention or control group, minimizing selection bias. Allows for the comparison of the intervention to a control group.
• Example: This study found that a mindfulness program was effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in first responders.

Article 4: Systematic review

• Strengths: Provides a comprehensive summary of the use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in cancer care. Minimizes bias by using strict inclusion criteria and standardized methods of analysis.
• Example: This study found that the use of PROs in cancer care can improve communication and quality of life for patients, but there are