Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an approach to healthcare that emphasizes the use of the best available research evidence in making clinical decisions. There are several models of EBP that have been developed over time to help healthcare professionals integrate research evidence into their practice. Two commonly used EBP models are:
- The Iowa Model of EBP: This model was developed by Marita G. Titler and colleagues at the University of Iowa in 1994. The Iowa Model is a step-by-step process for implementing EBP in healthcare settings, and it includes six stages: (1) problem identification and prioritization, (2) evidence synthesis, (3) feasibility and impact analysis, (4) implementation planning, (5) implementation, and (6) evaluation. The Iowa Model emphasizes the importance of involving all stakeholders in the EBP process, from patients to healthcare providers to administrators.
- The PARIHS Model: The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) model was developed by Gill Harvey, Brendan McCormack, and Alison Kitson in the early 2000s. This model emphasizes the importance of three key elements for successful EBP implementation: (1) evidence, (2) context, and (3) facilitation. The PARIHS model suggests that successful EBP implementation depends on the strength of the evidence, the context in which the evidence is being implemented, and the facilitation or support provided to healthcare professionals in using the evidence. The PARIHS model is often used to guide the development of interventions to promote EBP implementation in healthcare settings.