The eyes are our windows to the word. Different medical conditions can cause changes to the eyes. In this discussion I will write about Cataracts, Glaucoma, Diabetes Mellitus, and Chronic Hypertension.

Response to discussion 2 | Nursing homework help

Cataracts are a condition in which the lens of the eye clouds over, resulting in decreased vision. Common risk factors for cataracts include age, smoking, ultraviolet light exposure, diabetes mellitus, and steroid use. An eye exam can detect cataracts through visual acuity tests or an ophthalmoscopic examination. Treatment options include corrective lenses or surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with a new one.

Glaucoma is an optic nerve disease that affects peripheral vision and can lead to blindness if left untreated. It is caused by increased intraocular pressure due to either too much production of fluid in the eye or inadequate drainage of this fluid away from the eyecup tissue. Glaucoma screening includes measuring intraocular pressure using tonometry as well as examining the optic nerve head with specialized imaging devices such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). Treatment options may involve medications such as eyedrops or oral medications to reduce IOP, laser therapy to reduce fluid production or stimulate drainage, or surgery depending on individual patient presentation and severity of glaucoma diagnosis.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion/action within cells leading to disruptions in metabolism throughout the body including eyesight changes such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). DM screening should include yearly dilated fundus exams where signs of DR including bleeding/exudates in retina are noted as well treatments tailored according to findings – often involving laser photocoagulation for more serious cases combined with general treatment for DM itself such as blood sugar control via diet/lifestyle modifications & possible medications if needed.