As you examine the patient case studies in this module’s Resources, consider how you might assess and treat patients presenting symptoms of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders.

Decision tree for neurological and musculoskeletal disorders | NURS 6521 – Advanced Pharmacology | Walden University

Neurological disorders are conditions that affect the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Symptoms of neurological disorders can include headaches, dizziness, numbness or tingling in the extremities, muscle weakness, and seizures. To assess a patient with neurological symptoms, healthcare providers may perform neurological exams, such as assessing the patient’s reflexes, muscle strength, coordination, and sensation. Imaging tests, such as CT scans and MRIs, may also be used to diagnose neurological disorders.

Treatment for neurological disorders depends on the specific condition and may include medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and surgery. For example, patients with epilepsy may be prescribed anticonvulsant medications to prevent seizures, while patients with Parkinson’s disease may be prescribed medications to increase dopamine levels in the brain.

Musculoskeletal disorders are conditions that affect the muscles, bones, and joints. Symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders can include pain, stiffness, swelling, and limited range of motion. To assess a patient with musculoskeletal symptoms, healthcare providers may perform physical exams, such as assessing the patient’s range of motion and muscle strength. Imaging tests, such as X-rays and MRIs, may also be used to diagnose musculoskeletal disorders.

Treatment for musculoskeletal disorders may include medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and surgery. For example, patients with osteoarthritis may be prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation, while patients with a fracture may require surgery to realign the broken bone.

Overall, assessing and treating patients with neurological and musculoskeletal disorders requires a thorough understanding of the underlying condition and may involve a multidisciplinary approach to care.