The 3-4-50 model is a framework used to describe the three leading causes of death: 3 behaviors (tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity) that lead to four chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes) that result in 50% of all deaths worldwide. The underlying social determinants of health that impact these behaviors are:
- Tobacco use: Tobacco use is influenced by several social determinants of health, including cultural and social norms, peer pressure, economic status, education level, and access to healthcare services. For example, individuals with lower levels of education and income may have limited access to healthcare services, making it difficult for them to receive smoking cessation support and treatment.
- Unhealthy diet: Unhealthy diets are shaped by social determinants such as economic status, education level, cultural and social norms, and access to healthy food. For instance, individuals living in low-income neighborhoods may have limited access to affordable healthy food options, leading to increased consumption of unhealthy foods.
- Physical inactivity: Physical inactivity is influenced by social determinants such as the built environment, access to safe and affordable transportation, economic status, and cultural and social norms. For example, individuals living in neighborhoods with limited access to safe parks and recreational facilities may be less likely to engage in physical activity.
In summary, the social determinants of health that impact the 3 behaviors in the 3-4-50 model are complex and multifaceted. Addressing these determinants requires a comprehensive approach that considers factors such as economic status, education level, cultural and social norms, and access to healthcare services and healthy food options. By addressing these underlying determinants, healthcare professionals can work to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases and improve overall health outcomes.