Complete the Cardiovascular Exemplar Table in its entirety. 

module 06 written assignment – cardiovascular exemplars | professional nursing 3 | Rasmussen College System

Cardiovascular Exemplar Table

Type of shock: Cardiogenic Shock

Pathophysiology: Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. This can be due to a variety of causes, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, or arrhythmias. The decreased cardiac output leads to decreased tissue perfusion and oxygenation, which can result in organ dysfunction and failure.

Possible causes: Myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease.

Clinical manifestations: Hypotension, tachycardia, decreased urine output, cool and clammy skin, dyspnea, chest pain, altered mental status.

Nursing diagnoses:

1. Decreased cardiac output related to impaired myocardial function
2. Impaired tissue perfusion related to decreased cardiac output

Interventions:

1. Monitor vital signs, especially blood pressure and heart rate.
2. Administer oxygen as prescribed.
3. Administer medications as prescribed, such as vasopressors and inotropic agents.
4. Assess and manage pain.
5. Monitor fluid balance and administer intravenous fluids as prescribed.
6. Provide emotional support and education to the patient and their family members.

Type of shock: Hypovolemic Shock

Pathophysiology: Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a decrease in intravascular volume, which can be caused by external fluid loss or internal fluid shifts. This leads to decreased cardiac output, tissue perfusion, and oxygenation.

Possible causes: Hemorrhage, dehydration, severe burns, gastrointestinal losses, excessive sweating.

Clinical manifestations: Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, decreased urine output, cool and clammy skin, altered mental status.

Nursing diagnoses:

1. Decreased cardiac output related to decreased intravascular volume
2. Risk for injury related to decreased tissue perfusion

Interventions:

1. Assess and manage the cause of the fluid loss, such as administering fluids or blood products.
2. Monitor vital signs, especially blood pressure and heart rate.
3. Administer oxygen as prescribed.
4. Assess and manage pain.
5. Monitor fluid balance and administer intravenous fluids as prescribed.
6. Provide emotional support and education to the patient and their family members.

Type of shock: Distributive Shock

Pathophysiology: Distributive shock occurs when there is a widespread vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, which leads to a decrease in vascular resistance and intravascular volume. This can be caused by sepsis, anaphylaxis, or neurogenic factors.

Possible causes: Sepsis, anaphylaxis, spinal cord injury, adrenal insufficiency.

Clinical manifestations: Hypotension, tachycardia, warm and flushed skin, decreased urine output, altered mental status.

Nursing diagnoses:

1. Risk for infection related to sepsis
2. Decreased cardiac output related to decreased vascular resistance

Interventions:

1. Administer antibiotics or other medications as prescribed for the treatment of sepsis.
2. Monitor vital signs, especially blood pressure and heart rate.
3. Administer oxygen as prescribed.
4. Assess and manage pain.
5. Monitor fluid balance and administer intravenous fluids as prescribed.
6. Provide emotional support and education to the patient and their family members.

Type of shock: Obstructive Shock

Pathophysiology: Obstructive shock occurs when there is a mechanical obstruction that prevents blood flow, such as a pulmonary embolism or tension pneumothorax. The obstruction leads to increased pressure in the heart and decreased cardiac output.

Possible causes: Pulmonary embolism, tension pneum