What are the challenges encountered in data collection as it applies to research? 

One of the major challenges encountered in data collection as it applies to research is obtaining accurate and reliable information that can be used to draw meaningful conclusions. This means dealing with issues such as sampling bias (i.e., individuals chosen for certain demographics) or selection effects (i.e., those excluded from study due to factors like cost/time constraints); both of which can lead to results that are not reflective of reality or suffer from limited generalizability.

Other obstacles include ensuring data integrity—that is, making sure the raw facts have not been altered by either researchers or participants during collection process—as well as gaining access to relevant records or other sources needed in order to conduct a thorough investigation. Additionally, there may be ethical considerations when collecting information on sensitive topics (e.g., protected health information) which must be taken into account prior to beginning any project involving human subjects.