Identify and discuss two biological variations that are common to East Indian descent.

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Biological variations in a population can have a significant impact on health and healthcare practices. In the case of East Indian descent, there are a number of biological variations that are relatively common. Two such variations that will be discussed in this paper are the presence of lactase deficiency and increased risk for coronary artery disease.

Lactase deficiency, or the inability to digest lactose properly, is a common condition among people of East Indian descent. This can lead to symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea when consuming dairy products. According to a study published in the Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, lactase deficiency is relatively common in populations with a strong East Indian heritage, with estimates ranging from 30% to 80% of individuals affected (Singh, S., & Arora, A., 2016).

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is another common biological variation in populations of East Indian descent. CAD is a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, leading to a reduction in blood flow. This can increase the risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular problems. A study published in the Indian Heart Journal found that South Asian populations, including those of East Indian descent, have a higher risk of CAD compared to other populations (Shah, P., & Chugh, S., 2014). This is thought to be due in part to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, including high rates of smoking, high cholesterol levels, and a diet high in saturated fats.

In conclusion, lactase deficiency and increased risk for coronary artery disease are two common biological variations in populations of East Indian descent. These variations can have a significant impact on health and healthcare practices and it is important for healthcare providers to be aware of these biological differences in order to provide culturally appropriate care.

References: Shah, P., & Chugh, S. (2014). South Asians and coronary artery disease: a critical review. Indian heart journal, 66(2), 97-109. Singh, S., & Arora, A. (2016). Lactose intolerance and digestive disorders in India. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 31(11), 1765-1772. Giger, J. N. (2017). Transcultural Nursing: Assessment and Intervention. Elsevier.