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Liability: A liability account represents money owed to another party. Liabilities can be categorized as either current liabilities or long-term liabilities. Current liabilities are debts due within the next year while long-term liabilities are debts due beyond one year. Examples of common liabilities include accounts payable, bank loans and mortgages payable.
Equity: Equity accounts represent ownership interests in a company; they are often referred to as shareholder’s equity because they reflect the value of each share of stock issued by the company as well as any retained earnings from profits earned over time. Common equity accounts include paid-in capital (capital contributed directly by shareholders), preferred stock (stock with certain preferential rights regarding dividends and liquidation) and treasury stock (shares repurchased by the issuing company).