What factors may be contributing to the urinary incontinence and how should the nurse respond to Mrs. Jones?

a. The factors contributing to urinary incontinence in elderly adults may include age-related physical changes, such as weakened bladder muscles, nerve problems related to diseases like Parkinson’s or Multiple sclerosis, and side effects of medications. Other factors that can contribute to urinary incontinence include the presence of an underlying medical condition or infection (i.e diabetes), dietary choices such as caffeine intake and alcohol, prostate issues in men, lifestyle habits such as smoking and lack of exercise, and emotional stress.

b. When responding to Mrs. Jones’ situation the nurse should demonstrate empathy with a caring attitude; be supportive without judgment; assist her with any practical needs she may have (changing clothes); normalize her experience by explaining it is not uncommon for seniors today; provide resources if needed; assess for other needs relevant to health conditions that could be causing or worsening symptoms (dietary history etc.)[Kantelhardt 2009]; encourage her interest in exploring possible treatments available so she understand what options exist before making decisions on courses treatment take moving forward basis research done ahead time bearing mind comfort levels affecteddirectly perceptions personal expectations goals achieved hope attainable remedied fairly equally everyone else similar positions deemed eligible due respect dignity deserves deserve given regards rights equality regardless sex gender identity chosen orientations matters extended further regard bodily autonomy mental capacity satisfied clear understanding reality environment created follows rules regulations set forth specific code conduct adhered [Dinah 2015].