Discuss sources of bias for both quantitative and qualitative research.

Nur-504 week 2 topic 2 dq 1

When conducting quantitative research, bias can come from both random and systematic sources. Random biases tend to occur when sampling is not properly designed, or when factors such as instrument error and nonresponse are introduced. These types of bias can be avoided by using a representative sample size and developing clear and concise survey instruments. Systematic biases may include conscious or unconscious choices made on the part of the researcher when selecting variables for analysis, interpreting data, selecting data collection methods, or designing experiments that have been shown to confirm pre-existing beliefs rather than objectively evaluating the results. To avoid these types of bias it is important to remain mindful of any preconceived notions you may hold before beginning a study and take steps to reduce confirmation biases during your analysis.

Qualitative research is also vulnerable to various forms of bias including researcher-mediated (e.g., asking leading questions) or participant-mediated (e.g., only seeking out participants with certain characteristics). To reduce these risks it is important for researchers to use open-ended interview questions that allow individuals to express their own viewpoints freely without being directed towards certain predetermined answers. Additionally, efforts should be made to ensure that samples reflect all relevant perspectives from a diversity of backgrounds in order to provide robust representations of all people involved in a given study.