Pick a major U.S. industry, such as automobiles or computers, and discuss the lapses in technology and innovation on the domestic front that permitted foreign competitors to get a foothold and, in some cases, a dominant share of the market. Who or what do you think was to blame for this situation?

In chapter 12 of the assigned reading, the concept of project control is discussed, including methods for monitoring and controlling project progress, managing project risks, and making adjustments to the project plan as needed. One important method discussed is the use of project metrics and Earned Value Analysis to track project performance and identify variances from the plan. Another key concept is the importance of clear communication and stakeholder engagement in successful project control.

Chapter 13 delves into the unique challenges and considerations involved in managing research and development (R&D) projects. One significant concept discussed is the need for flexibility and adaptability in R&D project management, as the results of research may lead to changes in the project scope or objectives. Another important concept is the need for effective risk management in R&D projects, as the high level of uncertainty and potential for failure make it particularly important to anticipate and mitigate risks.

1. One major U.S. industry where technology and innovation lapses on the domestic front have allowed foreign competitors to gain a foothold is the technology industry, specifically in the field of mobile phone manufacturing. The U.S. mobile phone manufacturers such as Motorola and Nokia did not anticipate the rapid shift to smartphones and the market demand for more advanced features like cameras, Internet access and apps. As a result, they were slow to innovate and develop smartphones, allowing foreign competitors such as Samsung and Apple to gain a dominant share of the market. This can also be attributed to lack of research and development investment, inadequate management practices, and failure to anticipate and adapt to changing consumer preferences.
2. General Motors’ $5 billion automation program in the mid-1980s was a disappointment in terms of productivity gains and return on investment. The root cause of this failure is likely the complexity of the new technologies being introduced, which led to significant technical problems and delays in implementation. Additionally, the program did not take into account the specific needs and capabilities of GM’s existing workforce, which resulted in resistance and low employee engagement. Additionally, GM did not have a clear or well-defined plan for the implementation of the new technologies. In the long-term perspective, the automation program could have been a good idea but it was not well executed. It is important for organizations to have a clear plan and vision for implementing new technologies, as well as ensure that the new technologies align with the company’s overall strategy and are beneficial for the employees and customers.