Putman (1995) concluded from his television studies that television was responsible for the decline of capital. He also proposed the hypothesis of temporal displacement. This hypothesis states that new communication can replace older communication. Time spent using new media can reduce face-to–face contact and have a negative effect on social capital. Because television is characterised by an unidirectional flow homogeneous information in one direction, it makes sense that this technology could have even more of a substitution effect. The internet, which is the most important technological advancement of all time, has been called the fundamental technology that ushered in the information age (Leo 2016,). The internet is technology that allows web browsers to allow users access data and communicate with each other. It has many useful applications, such as email transmission and receipt and social networking. Internet communication is an exciting new way to communicate and network. It can also be used for socializing and enhancing telephone and face-to–face encounters. (2010). (Penard & Poussing). However, Palvia and Nemati (2018) show that information and communications technology can have a significant impact on social capital because it can be used to keep relationships with friends and family as well as business partners. Penard (2010) and Poussing (2010) agree with this philosophy. The authors believe that the internet could play a major role in isolating people from social interactions and making it more difficult for them to engage in solo activities such as browsing on the Internet. It is clear that technology may be replacing some aspects of social capital, but not all.
A low level of social capital is a situation where social organization and structure are not present. Karhnha, et. al. According to Karhnha and colleagues. The inquiry discusses Pakistan, and offers examples on how it might increase its social capital. These difficulties impact micro-entrepreneurial efforts by Pakistani women. These problems have a significant impact on the success and viability of Pakistani women entrepreneurs (Khan, 2021). Pakistani women have different roles and religions than other countries. Pakistan is an Islamic Republic where religion and culture are key factors in women’s status.
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