The digestive system is made up of auxiliary organs as well as the gastrointestinal tract. The digestive system controls the mechanical processing of food and their absorption. It also secretes water, buffer and salt. And it eliminates waste. The body is protected against harmful chemicals and pathogens by the immune system. There are many organs and cell types that make up the immune system. They also contain proteins that protect our bodies. It consists of the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. The primary purpose is to ensure adequate blood flow for all vital body parts. The pulmonary circulation oxygenates the blood while the systemic circulation provides nutrients to all body organs. (Zheng and al. 2020). This case examines Teri who has pernicious anemia, and is afflicted by autoantibodies which cause damage to her parietal cell.
Teri is not present.
Autoantibodies have destroyed her parietal cells, so she can’t make stomach acids. Gastric acid is produced by the stomach’s proximal 2/3. They are responsible for digesting food by providing the proper pH for gastric lipase, pepsin and increasing pancreatic bicarbonate production. Gastric acid is stimulated by eating during the cephalic phase. It then becomes further stimulated after food is eaten (Sahoo, et al. 2017).
Relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and parietal cell death
Pernicious anemia is first associated with vitamin B12 deficiencies. After B12 has reached the stomach, it needs to be removed from any protein it was linked with by acidic environments. Due to autoantibodies causing the death of stomach cells, severe hypochlorhydria can occur, which may lead to reduced B12 absorption. The body also produces less intrinsic components, which decrease vitamin B12 levels. Vitamin B12 deficiency is linked to demyelination, neuronal death, and axonal degeneration in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves (Oo & Rojas-Hernandez, 2007). (2017).
Why Teri has Deficient Pepsin
The main cells in the stomach’s fundus produce pepsinogen. Parietal cells produce an acid that transforms pepsinogen into the active form of its constituent, pepsinogen. The abomasal pH increases when parietal cells die. This is because hydrochloric acids production decreases. Pepsinogen is no longer converted to pepsin. The compromised cell connection can allow pepsinogen to enter the bloodstream if it accumulates.
What her Rbcs would Look Like
Teri would be healthy if her red blood cells had a flattened, indented core. This is similar to doughnuts without holes. They are disc-shaped or discocyte in the absence of illness (Oo & Rojas-Hernandez, 2017).
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