Dyspareunia is a condition that causes discomfort during sexual activity. While primary dyspareunia is more common in women, secondary dyspareunia is more common after birth. Based on where pain is felt the deep or superficial dyspareunia might be subdivided.
Perineal injury is the first physical problem. The type and severity of the perineal injury as well as the method of delivery are key factors in the frequency and intensity of dyspareunia postpartum. 14 percent of women who had restricted or liberal episiotomies developed dyspareunia up to three years after birth (Laganà et al., 2015) notwithstanding the kind of episiotomy performed. Research has shown that intact perineums are the most comfortable and have the highest sexual function. Numerous clinical studies examined the impact of different suture materials on perineal tear healing and episiotomies. There were contradictory reports regarding incidences of dyspareunia.
McDonald’s and covariates were adjusted to account for McDonald’s et al. 2015 found that the odds of having dyspareunia continued 18 months after birth for women who had had an emergency cesarean or vacuum extraction were twice that of those who did not. Women who elect to have a cesarean section are more likely to develop dyspareunia in the 18-months following. Women who have had an invasive delivery of childbirth six months later were three times more likely to develop dyspareunia. Dyspareunia was twice as common in women who underwent an emergency Cesarean Section or had a vaginal delivery with an episiotomy and a sutured tear.
Nursing-related hormonal changes may cause a reduction in libido or superficial dyspareunia due to vaginal dryness. Factors such as melancholy and weariness after a baby’s birth, poor housing and peer pressure, financial difficulties, and lack support may increase postpartum sexual morbidity. Glazener5 found that breastfeeding mothers are more likely to experience sexual ennui than women who don’t. A subgroup analysis of the data by Prosperi Porta and al. revealed that dyspareunia rates were similar among breastfeeding mothers three months after giving birth (211).
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